Things Fall Apart Essay -- essays research papers

Things Fall Apart An Evaluation In Things Fall Apart, Chinua Achebe tells two different stories at the same time. One is of Okonkwo, the resolutionr whose rise to bureau is halted because of all of his misfortunes. The other is of Okonkwos village, Umuofia, and its struggle to hold on to its cultural tradition while facing colonialism from the West. The title, Things Fall Apart, describes perfectly what happens to both Okonkwo and his village. Okonkwos livelihood falls apart and as a result, he commits suicide by hanging himself. The cultural tradition of Umuofia falls apart, and becomes influenced by the West. In Things Fall Apart, Achebe uses Okonkwo and the villages falling out to show how African culture, as well as other cultures around the world, suffered as a result of Westernization. In the book, Achebe focuses mainly on the character of Okonkwo. Okonkwos story follows the general pattern of a Greek tragedy. He experiences many successes in the beginning, but everything e ventually comes crashing down on him. His early life is the typical success story. He starts poor, but works hard to earn everyones respect. From the beginning he is disgusted with his father. He is a lazy old man who borrows money and never pays it back. Okonkwo realizes that he does not want to be like his father, and it is this hatred that drives him to work hard. After his fathers death, Okonkwo pays off his debts, and starts his long journey to the top of the clan. In a short time, Okonkwo...

Behaviorism, Constructivism, and Cognitivism: Multiple Approaches To Le

A. Behaviorism, constructivism and cognitivism are relatively common theories used in the schoolroom as ways to approach student learning. Behaviorism focuses on observable behavior, such as students answering questions correctly, or being able to follow directions to get it on a task as instructed. Characteristics of a classroom that uses behaviorism might be memorization of facts, writing vocabulary words, or a token pay system to inspire the desired behavior and decrease undesired behaviors. Constructivism, as indicated by the root word construct, focuses on the construction of new ideas, or expanding on what is already known. Students in a classroom using constructivism as a means for learning might seem more actively engaged in the learning process they often learn something new through applying what they already know about the content area, and exploring new matter to further their understanding. This type of classroom often uses hands on manipulatives to allow student s to actually build, create, or experiment with what they are learning. A cognitivism approach to learning might be explained by the minds potentiality to process information such as how a learner might remember something, retrieve information, or store new concepts. Learning through this mode often depends on how the student processes what the teacher is presenting. Classrooms using this approach might incorporate learning strategies that help students categorize and sequence information to assist with processing. give care constructivism, it can be an active style of learning.A1. SupportPersonal examples of a behaviorist style of instruction are based on the widely celebrated theory by B.F. Skinner, which in the classroom can be summarized by reinf... ...speaker and the listener. The student can store often used responses, and prepare anticipated answers precedent to situations where he will be meeting with those less familiar with his speech capabilities. By implemen ting this type of device, the student has become more confident and can spend appropriately for a student his age. In this instance, the integration of technology into the learning environment may make a difference as to whether the student is employable or overlooked due to the inability to communicate well on the job.Works CitedBrewer, E.W., Campbell, A.C., Petty, G.C. (2000). Foundations of Workforce Education. Dubuque, Iowa Kendall/Hunt Publishing Company.Standridge, M.. (2002). Behaviorism. In M. Orey (Ed.), Emerging perspectives on learning, teaching, and technology. Retrieved whitethorn 9, 2012 from http//projects.coe.uga.edu/epltt/

Essay --

Ajibade OlorunfemiProfessor Damion QuayeEN102December 1, 2013Sex Discrimination in WorkplaceGender favoritism in a workplace refers to beliefs and attitudes in relation to the gender of a person at work. It is well-defined as adverse action again some other person that would not micturate occurred had the person been another sex. Sexual discrimination should not be scrambled with sexual aggravation, although it is a form of sexual discrimination. Unfortunately, hands and women face sex discernment. Women are one of the groups being discriminated against today. They try very hard to fit in and be successful in their careers. In Audre Lorde name on human differences, Age, class, sex and race, she also saw human difference could result as difference in sex. In this research, I was able to feel discernment against women is found in many workplaces. Some managers try to fix this problem, but others just ignore it. Companies that pretend that gender discrimination doesnt endure are usually the ones that get sued for it most. Other companies try to avoid law suits by dealing with sex discrimination and resolving fights before it gets to the law suits. promotional material and pay gap are the main concerns in gender discrimination. Many studies in the past and present have shown that women do not get promoted as fast as men and do not get the equal pay for the same kind of jobs as men. Many females feel as if they have been cheated, robbed of what they deserve. Glass ceiling prevents women from moving up in their careers, and in some cases makes it almost unbearable to get a promotion. In my opinion, female workers in the U.S. should be treated equally at work as their male coworkers. Females should be paid the same wages for the same skil... ...g Female by Pozener, Jennifer L. Article from capital of Alabama College librarydatabase. 21 June 2013.Gender discrimination in the corporate world, by Pratik Gandhi and Sagal Agrawal. Humandiscrimination definition o n .web 21 June 2013Women and Workplace Discrimination. By Raymond F. Gregory. concord from Montgomerycollege library. 18 June 2013.Sexually Explicit Images in Advertising. By Tim Boyle. Article from Montgomery collegelibrary database. 21 June 2013Gender Work place problem, by United State Supreme court. Article context from .web July 32013.Type 1 and Type 2. Context from by U.S supreme court. Article context from .web 26 June2013.Women Career Planning, 1996. By women affair 1996. Article context from .web 26 June2013.Raise of Marginal Voice by Statham Anne. Presents discrimination solutions, from Montgomery College library. 21 June 2013.

Rodman Edward Serling :: essays research papers

Rodman Edward Serling, in my opinion one of the to the highest degreebrilliant manpower of our time, was born in Syracuse, New York,on December 25, 1924, to a wholesale meat dealer, andgrew up in Binghamton. By his own account, he had no too soon literary ambitions, though from an early age, he andhis older brother, Robert, immersed themselves in moviesand in shows like Astounding Stories and Weird Tales.Rod was best known from the intro where he was seenwearing a suit and most often dangling a cigarette, whichwas unfortunately the cause of his untimely demise."There is a fifth dimension beyond that which is known toman. It is a dimension as vast as space and as timeless asinfinity. It is the middle ground among light and shadow,between science and superstition, and it lies between the pitof mans fears, and the summit of his knowledge. This is thedimension of imagination. It is an area which we call... THETWILIGHT ZONE," Serlings masterpiece would not comeuntil later in h is composition career.He began writing full-time in 1951, more than seventy of histelevision al-Qurans were produced, garnering both critical andpublic acclaim. Full-scale success came early in 1955 withthe production of a script called "Patterns," deemed a"creative triumph" by critics, and the winner of the first ofSerlings six Emmy awards. Serling went to work onscreenplays for MGM and as a writer for Playhouse 90,for which he crafted ninety-minute dramas. A critical andfinancial success, Serling shocked many of his fans in 1957when he left Playhouse 90 to create a science fiction serieshe called The Twilight Zone. 156 episodes of TwilightZone, ninety-two written by Serling, aired on CBS over thenext five years. The show went on to be one of the mostwidely recognized and beloved series in television history,and achieved a permanent place in American pop culturewith its instantly perceptible opening, theme song andcharismatic host, Rod Serling. With appearances b ypersonalities such as Robert Redford, Burt Reynolds,Dennis Hopper, and more, Twilight Zone became alaunching pad for some of Hollywoods biggest stars. Theshow headed downward-sloping in its fifth season chiefly due to thefact that Serling lost most creative control of the show.After production ended in January 1964, Serling go alongto write for film and television series and movies, and oftenappeared in his own productions, such as Rod SerlingsNight Gallery. He returned to Antioch College as a professor and lectured at college campuses across the

Examining History :: essays research papers

It is imporatant to carefully examine history in order to learn from previous mistakes, and also to ensure that the same mistakes are not repeated. The Manhattan project is an delicate example. This program allowed the United States to unleash the power of the atom, thus,introducing a new and devastating element into warfare. Although they managed to come in first in the race with Germany, the U.S. bears the responsibility of having introduced the nuclear give way, and have the blood on their hands from the use of it. It is obvious that the U.S. reaped the benefits by introducing the bomb, because no one else had the chance to use it on them. However, it is imperative to realize that when they dropped the bomb they became hypocrates. They did not want it used on them, but were eager to use it on another country. Actually, the U.S. had trouble deciding who to use it on. However, when a target was selected, the results were devastating. thither were 170,000 people killed in Hiroshim a alone and in Nagasaki, estimates say, nearly 70,000 died. After the bomb was dropped, the resulting radiation killed nearly 70,000 people. The Manhattan Project and the use of the atomic bomb were unfortunate products of a scientific breakthrough and a frantic race which resulted in a revolution in warfare.The Manhattan Project originated from the Army Corps of Engineers, this division was originally named the Manhattan District. The ulterior name, The Manhattan Project, encompassed the district, the scientific, the governmental and the strategic aspects (49). In 1941 President Roosevelt and several American scientists began work on the project (11). The bomb was never reffered to as the "atomic bomb" it was referred to as "a new weapon of unusual destructive force" (1374). The main hub of acivity for this project was in New Mexico, the program lasted from 1942 to 1946. The total cost was nearly 2 billion dollars (13). Another important aspect to this program was the secrecy invovlved. It was said that "loose lips sink ships" (1337). According to Roosevelt the only people who knew about the program at its conception were Vice President Wallace, the Speaker of the House, the Democratic Leader of the Senate Mr. Barkley, and the Chairman of the Appropriations Committee for the House and Senate (1127). As time went on it was still kept rattling quiet, most cabinet members and even more congressmen did not know about it (13).

Examining History :: essays research papers

It is imporatant to carefully examine history in order to learn from previous mistakes, and also to experience that the same mistakes are not repeated. The Manhattan project is an excellent example. This program allowed the United States to unleash the power of the atom, thus,introducing a new and devastating element into warfare. Although they managed to come in first in the race with Germany, the U.S. bears the responsibility of having introduced the atomic flush it, and have the blood on their hands from the use of it. It is obvious that the U.S. reaped the benefits by introducing the bomb, because no one else had the take chances to use it on them. However, it is imperative to realize that when they dropped the bomb they became hypocrates. They did not want it used on them, but were eager to use it on another country. Actually, the U.S. had inconvenience oneself deciding who to use it on. However, when a target was selected, the results were devastating. There were 170,000 p eople killed in Hiroshima alone and in Nagasaki, estimates say, nearly 70,000 died. After the bomb was dropped, the resulting radiation killed nearly 70,000 people. The Manhattan stray and the use of the atomic bomb were unfortunate products of a scientific breakthrough and a frantic race which resulted in a revolution in warfare.The Manhattan roll originated from the Army Corps of Engineers, this division was originally named the Manhattan District. The later name, The Manhattan Project, encompassed the district, the scientific, the governmental and the strategic aspects (49). In 1941 President Roosevelt and several American scientists began work on the project (11). The bomb was never reffered to as the "atomic bomb" it was referred to as "a new weapon of unusual destructive force" (1374). The main hub of acivity for this project was in young Mexico, the program lasted from 1942 to 1946. The total cost was nearly 2 billion dollars (13). Another important aspect to this program was the secrecy invovlved. It was said that "loose lips sink ships" (1337). harmonize to Roosevelt the only people who knew about the program at its conception were Vice President Wallace, the Speaker of the House, the Democratic Leader of the Senate Mr. Barkley, and the Chairman of the Appropriations Committee for the House and Senate (1127). As time went on it was still kept very quiet, most cabinet members and even more congressmen did not know about it (13).

Management Information System †Nokia Essay

1.1 History of NokiaNokia puzzleed as a wood-pulp mill in s step uphern Finland and started to manufacture paper in 1865 by engineer Fredick Idestam. Since the demand for paper and unreal was high and there was European industrialization, Nokia become successful. In 1895, Nokia is passed to Gustaf Fogelholm. In 1920s, the Rubber oeuvres started to c only Nokia as their brand name. Nokia produced footwear, tyres, rubber bands, industrial as puff up as raincoats. After World War II, the Finnish C competent Works, which was a lodge that had join ond its market shargon massively as there was increase demand for power trans guardianship, telegraph and tele remember networks.Over a period of fourth dimension, the ownership of the Rubber Works and the Cable Works companies consolidated. In 1967 the companies were merged to imprint the Nokia Group (link to Nokia fraternity logos). The products of the Finished Cable Works were cables for telegraph and telephone networks. In 1960s, research was conducted into semiconductor engine room by Nokias Cable Works Electronics de conk outment which was established in the 1960. This marked the beginning of Nokia into telecommunications.In 1967, the digital switch (Nokia DX 200) which was developed by Nokia. Nokia DX 200 was equipped with high- train ready reckoner language and Intel micro surgical procedureors which had gradu every last(predicate)y evolved into the multifaceted platform that is gloss over the basis for Nokias network infrastructure today.In 1981, Nordic Mobile Telephony (NMT) was formed by Nokia. It is the worlds first multinational cellular network.At the end of the 1980s, Nokia developed a a common standard for digital mobile telephone set which was Global placement of rules for Mobile Communications (GSM). In 1991 Nokia made agreements to supplement GSM networks to nine European countries and by August 1997 Nokia had supplied GSM agreements to 59 operators in 31 countries.During the 1980s, No kias operations rapidly expanded to new wrinkle sectors and products. Nokia was a large television manufacturer and the largest cultivation engineering partnership in the Nordic Countries in 1988.Nokias telecommunications and mobile phones divisions supported Nokia during the deep recession in Finland at the beginning of the 1990s. In May 1992 Nokia changed its line of products strategies to fully focus on telecommunications. The companys 2100 series phone was an amazing success. In 1994, the goal was to sell 500,000 units of phone but Nokia sold 20 million. In 1999, Nokia launches the Nokia 7110. It was a phone that had underlying web-based functions, including email. Then in November 2001 Nokia launches its first phone with a built-in camera, the Nokia 7650, and in September 2002 its first video capture phone, the Nokia 3650.In 2005, Nokia sells its billionth phone a Nokia 1100 in Nigeria, and global mobile phone subscriptions pass 2 billion. Two years later, Nokia is recogn ised as the 5th most valued brand in the world.By 2010, smartphone market is growing and competitors much(prenominal) as the iPhone and Android-based devices argon affecting the sales of Nokia. However, Nokia realises it and is on its way to beat its competitors.1.2 Mission and StrategyNokias mission is simple Connecting bulk. Nokia aims to build great mobile products that enable billions of people worldwide to enjoy more of what life has to offer. Nokias mission statement is powerful. Connecting people from all over the world is what Nokia planned to achieve. The mission statement of Nokia sewer be seen in its logo. Its mission statement is so powerful when people think of Nokia, they entrusting immediately think of its mission statement. In sanctify to achieve Nokias mission, Nokia has formed a strategicalal partnership with Microsoft in the hope to conquer smartphone market.Nokia-Microsoft eco schema leave behind deliver differentiated and innovative products with unriva lled scale in confiness of product breadth, geographical reach and brand identity. On the different hand, Nokias dodge is to is to leverage its innovation and strength in growth markets to connect even more people to their first internet and application experience Nokia will take place the renewal of its Series 40 platform in QWERTY, touch& typesetters case, dual SIM, Nokia services, including Maps, Browser, Life Tools, weathervane apps andNokia overly develops its assets (platform, softwargon, apps) from time to time to bring a late mobile experience to consumers and enable pipeline opportunities for developers.1.3 Business adjoinEvery company has its own business process in guild to carry out its business activities such as proviso, managing, production as well as sales in order to achieve the companys goals. The same goes to Nokia Company. People are most-valuable to any establishment as they are the asset of all the company while customers are equally vital as withou t them, the company will non be able to sustain the business. In Nokia, the bear awayment of people or employees is stressed. Nokia uses Human Resource counsel agreement to manage its company personnel. On the other hand, to manage a good kin with the customers, Customers Relationship worry (CRM) which is under Knowledge management dust is used.As in readying for Nokias future plans, Decision Support establishment (DSS) which is under Knowledge Management dust is used to help coach-and-fours to make terminations. The managers or leader of Nokia posit to make tremendous decisions daily in operating Nokias business. In order to make Nokias business more productive, Supply Chain Management System is used to interlinked Nokias supplier, manufacturers, sales and logistics providers as well as customers. In conclusion, the business process of Nokia is carried out with the help of development technology and training administration.1.4 Leadership TeamStephen Elop is the Pr esident and CEO of Nokia Corporation. He is Nokia Board member since May 3, 2011 and Nokia Leadership Team member and Chairman since 2010. He joined Nokia as President and Chief Executive Officer as of September 21, 2010. He is assisted by Nokias Executive Vice Presidents.2.1 Knowledge Management (KM) selective tuition System2.1.1 demonstrationKnowledge Management is the discipline about learning, managing, and victimization the familiarity in terms of people, organization, technologies, technique, and other cognition-based things. As the environment of cell phone industry has become more challenging where Nokia has to face a series of competitor suchas Apple. Inc, Sony Ericsson and Samsung Company, adapt into the new business world, survive in the market and make profit. In order to achieve these objectives and improve business procedure in this knowledge era, elements such as critical thinking, creative and innovation, technology usage, baron and knowledge of employees are e xtremely important. Therefore, knowledge perplexity nurture placement is used by Nokia in order to wait up the gradation of competitors and to improve the value and performance of the organization. Basically, there are three approaches to knowledge prudence which are system-theoretical, humanistic approach as well as sociotechnical approach.i) System theoretical approachSystem theoretical approach is the study of managing the entropy that groundwork be applied.ii) Humanistic approachHumanistic approach is the study of how to manage the people or employee as well as emphasizing on leadership of every level of prudence.ii) Sociotechnical approachSociotechnical approach is the study of the system that combines the advantages that can be achieved from twain of the previous approaches. Knowledge counseling system that have been applied by Nokia is not necessary to be a computer system but it can be the process of various knowledge management activity such as organizing and ut ilizing the tuition, as well as other business action like strategic planning, solving problem and decision making.Input, Process, and fruitBasically, there are three main elements in this information system which represents the input, process and sidetrack of the system respectively. These elements are people (input), process (process), and system ( takings).2.1.1 Input (People)The system will enable Nokia company to form a long term program team which will last for one and a half years to unite the members and make sure everyone is on the right path towards the goal. Members are required to over communicate at every levels and the culture of knowledge sharing andcollaboration must exist inwardly the group.2.1.2 Process (Process)In the process, a product taxonomy will be created to define the management process and the content acquisition for every source. In order to ensure all employees are able to access to validate the system, clear use cases are created. During the process , key metrics such as customer satisfaction, knowledge management cycle time, and other business aspect are defined. The process of information sharing also occurs within the group. The process also will identify the modification of Nokia business process.2.1.3 Output (System)The output of the system is the better performance of business and higher ability of Nokias employees which represented by the knowledge management system. There is a mirror see system which enables the employee to access for testing as well as the demo of new information. This knowledge management system emphasize on the stability and power of the employee that lead to higher business performance of Nokia.Diagram 2.1.1 Input, Process and Output of Knowledge Management System2.2 Supply Chain Management System (SCM)2.2.1 IntroductionIn order to ensure the entire product delivering process is undergoing correctly in term of date, destination, and quantity, Supply Chain Management (SCM) System is used by Nokia. O ne of the examples is Nokia-China has established an important incision called Supply Logistics. Aspects such as production, material planning, imagings allocating, inventories management, shipping and other supply chain activities are related to this department. The advance(a) logistics is being described in term of the process of planning, organizing and controlling the flow and storage of products and services and these definitions are prompt to ensure customer satisfaction.The logistics activities can be divided into three parts which are supply logistics, business logistics and also sales logistics. The supply chain management system is an working(a) management technology that helps to manage Nokias activities involved from producing a product from rawmaterials until the delivering of the product or service to the customers. The supply chain management is the expansion version of the coordinated management of logistics with the goals to connect suppliers partner, productio n and customers.2.2.2 InputIn this phase, customer order and the planning of manufacturing element are the main element for the system. The Nokia supply chain management system will receive the customers orders and start the planning of the manufacturing element such as election preparation and scattering for production. The information about the delivering destination, type of product and quantity also will be identified during input processes.2.2.3 ProcessDuring this stage, the supply chain management will complete the production proposal based on the information retrieved from the input stage. The system will allocate the production work to the available factories and distribute the bill of production based on the factor such as amount of worker and geographical reason. At the same time, the system will now start planning on the shipment schedule for the product as well as preparing the export quarantine QA form.The system will have to arrange the out-migration channel such as truck on land, cargo ship on sea or the flight on air, based on the berth of final destination of products delivered. Once the products are finished, the production department staff will be required to attach a job ticket on the product in term of variance or not variance. Besides that, the system also needs to confirm the payment in order to push button the shipment of the product as well as ensure the products are in good condition.2.2.4 OutputAfter the finished products are prepared to be delivered, the system will make the auto billing and perform the customs declaration. The goods will now be delivered to the final destination of the order via the decided route based on the efficiency of the route.2.3 Human Resource Management System (HRMS)2.3.1 IntroductionHRMS is the structure and system which is progressing at the joint between human resource management (HRM) and information technology (IT). It combines HRM as a discipline and in precise its basic HR activities and proc esses with the information technology field, whereas the programming of selective information bear on systems evolved into standardized procedures and packages of enterprise resource planning (ERP) software. In Nokia, HRIS helps it to automate and manage their companys activities, including human resource, payroll, and management, accounting activities. Throughout the process, HRIS able to allow strategic analysis of key business trends for better planning and informed decision-making.HRM is in charge of appealing, choosing, training, assessment, and rewarding of Nokias employees, also to manage an organizations workforce. HRM also involve in overseeing organisational direction and philosophy, and guaranteeing obedience with employment and labour laws. HRM can be classifies into five main activities, which are Employee Record Management, Promotion and Recruitment, Training, Evaluation, wages and Benefits Management.1. Employee Record Management(ERM) is an electronic and digitized system which allows Nokia members to modernise key administration tasks in easier way without looking back at filing cabinets, spread sheets or other complex processes, for example, using Microsoft Access to keep all personal info in soft copies. ERM keep and organize all personnel records of all organizational members by Human Resource department to satisfy laws requirements, for tax calculation and deposit and periodic reporting.2. Promotion and recruitment of present and new Nokias employees both can be nominated by automating the process through searching informationbase of applicants and present employees with precise requirements. Announcement of position vacancy through intranet, that works and supports Web application within organizational network able to reduce time and spending for open recruitment by allowing wide exposure.3. Training of Nokias employees to increase and improve employees knowledge and skills is one of the important functions of Human Resource. Multimedia software training which include 3Dvirtual reality simulated environment using information technology cuts training damages intensely, at the same time, reduces the risks and time taken in actual and traditional way of training.4. Evaluating performances of Nokias employees periodically by supervisors, then up flow to Human Resource department is important to review individual working ability and to analyse future possibilities and planning. Employees operable capability, communication skills, professional behaviour and general performance are included using military rating software to standardize the evaluation process and future comparison.5. fee and benefits management that involves in Human Resource management which includes salary, wages, commissions and bonuses earned by individual and other benefits such as health and life insurance, and leave days, meanwhile, programs use by HRM could calculate pay and taxes automatically. All these are essential to encourage and compens ate Nokias employees so they would improve and perform better in future, in brief generate greater achievements for Nokia.2.3.2 InputsThe input function of HRMS offers the capabilities needed to get the human resource information into HRMS. Some of the main things that must be established are the procedures and processes required to gather the essential data. In other words, they are the how, when and where the data will be collected. After collection, data must be entered into the system after classification. Once the data has been inserted, it must be authenticated to guarantee that it is correct. Validation tables may be used to determine if the data is acceptable. The system should have the ability of effortlessly updating and changing the validation table. For example, while open recruiting for new employees, personnel information and resumes are well kept and computerized in accordance to their experiences and performances.2.3.3 ProcessThe process or data maintenance in HRMS function is responsible for the actual updating of the data stores in the storage devices. As changes arise in human resource information, these should be attached into the system. As new data is brought into the system, it is often necessary to maintain theold data as future reference. For example, evaluation of employees performance by supervisors are noted and gathered with constructive upcoming steps and suggestions, current salaries fixed and planned increment of salaries in certain periods, and keep updating the latest information about employees include personal details.2.3.4 OutputThe output function of an HRMS is the most acquainted one because the majority of HRMS users are not involved with collecting, editing/validating and updating data, but they are concerned with the information and reports produced by the system. Most human resource reports contain of selecting sections of the total cosmos for further assessment, performing some type of calculations, using the popul ation and providing a report containing specific information concerning the particular population and the calculation of results.The demands on the output function are the major factors that affect the specific type of software to be used. For example, departments of company are assessable into database of company with exact and current information enables to ease the process of planning and implementing new ideas and projects, information of talented and capable employees are displayed when there are vacancy for certain positions.Diagram 2.3.4 Input, Process and Output of Human Resource Management System3.4 Information Requirements3.4.1 Knowledge Management SystemThere are three levels of management which are strategic level, affectionateness level, and operational level that need to acquire different information and make different decision based on the levels of management respectively. Examples of the scope of technologies for knowledge management are business intelligence, docu ment management, intelligent agents, knowledge resource directories, groupware and collaboration technologies, and other related technologies. The below is the information requirement for the three levels of managementsStrategic levelStrategic level of management makes long term planning and decision for the company and a great deal of uncertainty is involved during the process. Theknowledge management information system provides the strategic level management with analytical information such as data mining and data warehousing, and application of other information system such as decision making system, business intelligence, and other related information system. The knowledge management systems improves the usage of these information systems by the members of the organization and retrieve data to make strategic planning and get together rivalrous advantage. There are some technologies are enabled as well to contribute to the strategic planning decision making process such as inte lligent agents, data analysis, and reporting tools.Middle level (Tactical Planning)The middle level management that makes tactical planning can retrieve information such as asset management from knowledge management information system. Information or skills such as intellectual property, knowledge valuation, knowledge repositories document management, and content management can be acquired from the knowledge management system. As an example, the document and content management as well as the knowledge valuation allow middle level management makes better and more precise planning such as working capital, budgets formulating, production scheduling. Tools that can help in this management level are document management tools, knowledge maps and library systems.Operational levelThe knowledge management system plays an important role in this level of management because the system provide information that help to increase Nokias operational workers ability as well as introducing new way to smoothen the business operation process and improve efficiency. Types of information that can be retrieved from this system are transactional (case-based reasoning, help desk application, service agent support applications), process (Process improvement, lessons learned, methodology, quality management), and developmental (skills development, staff competencies, learning and teaching). The technologies available are process management tools, rule-based good system and computer based training.3.4.2 Supply Chain ManagementIn Nokia-China , the supply chain management system can help out the performance of the company as the system has the following functioni.) Improve the efficiency and the exchange of information between organization by simplifying the management.ii.) Provide the goods and services to the customers within a shorter period of time.iii.) Fully utilize the available resources.Strategic levelThe information that can be acquired by this strategic level manager are strateg ic alliance formulation, focused customer service analysis, development and refinement of ability and chances where all these information are help in strategic planning. This allows manager makes strategic planning and decision to achieve higher business performance in long term.Tactical levelThere are two type of information that can be acquired from the supply chain management systemi) Decision analysisThe decision analysis information helps Nokias managers to do their planning and scheduling with information like route of transportation, inventory management, network location configuration and also vertical integration with the third party.ii) Management ControlThe management control provides the measurement information such as financial, assets, productivity and quality that enable the manager of Nokia to do effective budgeting and controlling the product quality.Operational levelUnder operational level management, the information that is required are mostly related to the trans action-based information such as order entry, shipping details, pricing and invoicing, order verification and customer inquiry. These information allow Nokias operational manager to make a better performance in especially the production lines as well as increase the effectiveness and efficiency of the production work.3.4.3 Human Resource Information System (HRMS)Strategic levelAt strategic management level of Nokia Company, HRMS is used in general for formulation of long term plans to make decisions by companys decisions makers, such as Chief Executive Officers and other active stockholders. Information requirement in this level will be external, very wide and aggregate in nature. HRMS is used to improve the organizations consciousness of its surroundings situation and its competitive position in terms of attraction and maintenance of talented individuals that could contribute in its competition of certain industry.HRMS is important in strategic management level for the top users t o access into information, for example the effectiveness, profitability and cost of different departments members, the availability and cost of raising new infixed talent pool, total cash need and capital equipment needs to upgrade existing employees and to make decisions whether to increase or reduce costs of human resource in boilers suit. The enterprise widespread decision support system (DSS) is a HRMS that supports decision at the top management. Here, the HRMS is more interactive and is capable of developing decision models on many tactical issues.Tactical levelAt the middle or tactical level, normally derives from informal sources and is collected, appreciated, localiseigated and measured by the manager personally. HRMS is uses to evaluate and report on the organizations activities such as, over shooting of expenses on overtime payment for employees, estimation of funds by competitors to train and improve their employees, new legislating and labour laws, industrial relati on HRM trends, and so on.Statistical analyses, predicting, investments, appraisal models by HRM are important for future planning of a company, such as vaticination the amount of human resource needed while opening a new franchise company within or outside country, how much to invest to generate better production of products and services, and other future planning that relates to other departments. The importance in this level is shifting from EDP level to management information systems (MIS) level with more inquiry and report generation flexibility. This is intended for middle level managers to control operation, matching budget or projection.Operational levelIn operational level, Nokia is interested in mechanizing processing of routine information, where the information required is largely internal, well defined, narrow and detailed. HRIS focuses is on data storage, processing and information flows at operational level of organization. Information required in this level is linkin g to routine or short term information needs of the organization for example, working hours of part time employees, rate of pay per hour, detail of employees deductions and additions, attendance records of the employees, or daily working syllabus and requirements by supervisors or HRM, with the purpose of wages examines details of the time each man spent on individual work during the week or month.Due to its capabilities to provide information for processing transaction of the organization, the information system is known as Transaction Processing System or Data Processing System. Some examples of information provided by such systems to other departments such as Finance and Production Departments are processing of orders, posting of entries in bank, evaluating overdue purchaser orders etc. In HRMS it is called Electronic Data Processing (EDP) which enables data and files storage. HRMS is mainly accessible by all the operational level operators, but only showing the basic information of each and every of the employees.Management Activity take Human Resource ManagementStrategic Strategies for recruitment, salary, training, and benefits. Analysis of shift pattern of employment, education and wage rate etc. Tactical Variance analysis in hiring and firing, cost of recruitment, composition of skills inventory, cost of training, salary paid, and distribution of wage rates. Operational Decision on hiring, training, termination, changing pay rates and issuing benefits. Table 3.4.3Matrixes of Management Activity Level and Human Resource Management (R. Panneerselvam)Chapter 4 Importance of Each Information System4.1 Importance of Knowledge Management SystemAs the business world is getting more competitive since the advantage of technologies and changing of customer preference and buying trends, companylike Nokia need to improve the overall ability of the organization in order to maintain the market status. Effective knowledge management can lead to a greater revolution in business such as bringing innovative elements into business in order to create new innovative product or services. As the knowledge management system can help to improve the ability and knowledge of the workers or managers, therefore, the overall performance of everyone in Nokia can be improved. Eventually, Nokia is able to gain competitive advantage by employing higher knowledge-based worker and achieve greater business performance in the market.4.2 Importance of Supply Chain Management SystemOne of the key factors that enable the company to gain competitive advantage in the market and improve business performance is to have an effective and high-octane SCM system to work on daily operations. The SCM system plays an important role in Nokia since it is related to other business activities such as marketing, customer relationship management and product sales. By having a good supply chain management system within the company, Nokia is able to achieve competitive advantage such as low-cost production and value-added service.Diagram 4.2.1 Importance of Supply Chain Management System4.3 Importance of Information System towards OrganizationAn operative HRIS delivers information on just anything Nokia needs to track and study about employees, former employees, and future employees. With an appropriate HRIS, Nokias Human Resources staffs enable employees to do their own benefits updates and woo changes, thus freeing HR staff for more strategic functions. Additionally, data necessary for Nokias employee management, knowledge development, career growth and development, equal treatment is facilitated.Finally, Nokias managers can access the information they need to legally, ethically, and effectively support the success of their reporting employees. The Human Resources Information System provides details on administration, payroll, recruitment, and training. This system is judge to deliver valuable results to their human resources division and their organization as a whole. It is a critical tool that aidsmanagement in making strategic decisions. An HRIS can attest to be useful in the following ways* Management of all Nokias employee information.* Reporting and analysis of Nokias employee information.* Company-related documents such as Nokias employee handbooks and safety guidelines.* Benefits administration comprising enrolment, status changes, and personal information updating.* Complete incorporation with payroll and other Nokia monetary software and accounting systems.* Candidate trailing and resume management.5.0 Impact of Usage of Information System5.1 Advantage of Knowledge Management Information SystemFirst of all, the knowledge management system enables the business analysis to collect more precise report in a shorter period of time by retrieving only the important and applicable information from the documents. The knowledge management system provide more significant advantage to Nokia that business is conducted globally where the sy stem allow the manager from different location to communicate by using the accurate and relevant information that facilitated by the knowledge management system.Besides that, the systems also offer intelligent search which only search for the relevant information that helps the managers in their decision making g process. Furthermore, knowledge management system also helps to improve Nokias customer services as the system can adapt the customer feedback and provide a better solution or services to the problem faced.5.2 Disadvantage of Knowledge Management Information SystemOne of the disadvantages of using the knowledge management system is the inability of the system to consistently deliver the expected performance in term of information retrieving. different than that, integrating informationtechnology to knowledge management requires acceptance from all aspects of an organization.5.3 Advantage of Supply Chain Management SystemSupply Chain Management System allows Nokia to provid e faster responses to customer needs as the advancing information technology able to shorten the time of good product delivering. The system also changes the focus of the operation from forecasting into customer demand which maintain providing efficient service at the same time. The system also using diminished variation of management in order to be fault-tolerance in case the unexpected accident or any damage to the system occurs. The examples of the events are the ensure of receipt issue, damage of material or product and incorrect deliver destination. Other than that, the system also maintains the low inventory level with the aim to pass the burden of stock and material as well as improved the turnover rate to ensure the fully utilization of the stock.In term of parsimony cost in transportation, the system has made an innovative change which gathers the shipment of small quantities with great quantities of integrated transport where this change will decrease the cost of trans portation. As the system has strengthen the requirements of quality of the product and the improvement on quality control, production process are controlled well to make sure no damage is occurred and the quality of the product is maintain before delivered to customers. There will be reduction happens in the inventory that attributed to the use of supply chain information system. The company can actually use the saved property from the reduction to spend it in other resources.5.4 Disadvantage of Supply Chain Management SystemEven though the usage of the supply chain management is able to bring out a lot of advantages to Nokia, yet there are still some barriers or disadvantages. In order to create a great-performance and high-security supply chain management system, a large amount of investment of time and money is required to be made into aspect such as machinery, customer needs, shipping planning and supplier selection.5.5 Advantage of Human Resource Management SystemHuman resourc e management system is a system that human resource department used to manage the process of recruitment and keep all the date and records of all the employees under Nokia company. There are a lot of benefits can be obtain from this system. A case in point, all the data and records are gathered together in one system for external as well as internal use. By this way, it allows the management team to soft access to the details of each and every single employee in their company. Besides that, this system also makes use of the advance of technology with the big storage of data that can store thousands or millions of employees data and records.Furthermore, the information in the human resources management system are more accurate compare to the manually records data. There will be no changes or errors made after all the details are key in. Besides that, the data can only be access by the members allowed with high privacy and password. As such, this system can protect the privacy of the information of their company. In addition, not only the managers, the employees can also get all the human resources information in a high speed and not need to personally go to the human resources department to ask for the information needed.5.6 Disadvantage of Human Resource Management SystemOn the other hand, there are also some disadvantages of this system. Although everything can be computerize, but human error might occurs during the process of input. There might be some typing errors or wrong information that key in into the wrong profile. Therefore, the person in charge has to beware of these mistakes to be happened. Next, the technology of this system has to be upgraded as there might be not overflowing application to support the system of the current human resources needs. This upgrading of the technology might cause to the increment of expenses happen as the system upgrades are very costly. eventually but not least, the demands of the expertise in the information techno logy are high and these expertises are getting lesser and lesser. It is being more difficult to bring a qualified person in this field.Chapter 6 ConclusionIn a nutshell, information technology (IT) is important to all organization in order to attain competitive advantages and success in the competitiveworld. Nokia understands the importance of utilizing IT and hence Nokia involves the use of IT in the company.Information system helps Nokia to make decisions in strategic, tactical and operational levels of Nokia. We get to understand why information system is so important nowadays and why is it there is a growing trend of people or organization using IT. In Nokia, Knowledge Management (KM) System helps it to learn, manage and use the knowledge of people, organization, technologies, technique as well as other knowledge-based stuffs. On the other hand, Supply Chain Management (SCM) System helps Nokia to manage the activities from procurement of products to handling Nokias products to the customers.Resource Management (HRM) System helps Nokia to manage its personnel in a better way. From this assignment, we understand that information technology (IT) helps Nokia in surviving in the competitive cell phone industry. IT helps a company to remain competitive in the growing competitive market. Now we understand why Nokia can remain competitive in the market as Nokia utilize massively information technologyReferences1. Dresser & Associates, Inc (2012) What is a Human Resources Information System (HRIS)?. (online) (cited 11 Mar 2012) for sale from http//www.dresserassociates.com/what-is-hris.php 2. eNotes (2012) Human Resource Information Systems. (online) (cited 11 Mar 2012) usable from http//www.enotes.com/human-resource-information-systems-reference/human-resource-information-systems3. Itinfo.am (2012) Human Resource Management. (online) (cited 17 Mar 2012)Available from http//www.itinfo.am/eng/human-resource-management/ 4. Itinfo.am (2012) Human Resource Managemen t. (online)(cited 19 Mar 2012) Available from http//www.itinfo.am/eng/human-resource-management/5. Jouni Meriluoto, 2003. Knowledge management and information systems finding a sociotechnical golden mean (online)(cited 20 Mar2012)Available from http//www.knowledgeboard.com/download/629/KM_IS.pdf 6. Techriz.com (2009) techriz.com-Week-1-Systems Analysis and Design Complete Tutorial for Software Engineering. (online) (cited 13 Mar 2012)Available from http//www.techriz.com/SA-Week-1.html7. Nokia (2012) The Nokia Story. (online) (cited 14 Mar 2012) Available from http//www.about-nokia.com/ tarradiddle/ 8. Nokia (2012) Nokia Leadership Team. (online)(cited 15 Mar 2012) Available from http//www.nokia.com/my-en/about-nokia/company/governance/leadership/nokia-leadership-team/ 9. Jouni Meriluoto, 2003. Knowledge management and information systems finding a sociotechnical golden mean (online)Nokia seek Center (cited 17 Mar 2012)Available from http//www.knowledgeboard.com/download/629/KM _IS.pdf 10. R. Panneerselvam. (2005) Production and Operations Management, 2nd Ed.,New Delhi Pertice-Hall, p.3. 11. Techriz.com (2009) techriz.com-Week-1-Systems Analysis and Design Complete Tutorial for Software Engineering. (online)(cited 20 Mar 2012) Available from http//www.techriz.com/SA-Week-1.html

Peer Pressure Essay

Peer pressure persuades hotshot to do something that one does not want to do. But maybe you want to do it, and you just dont hand over the courage to do it and your friends talk you into it. Peer Pressure buttocks be good couple pressure or pernicious friction match pressure. Bad peer pressure makes one do something that one does not want to do. One of the major problems with peer pressure is that one is forced into doing something one does not want to do. Usually, passel get backed into a situation to try illegal drugs, alcohol, and cigarettes and these behaviors can become habit forming .If and when mortal comes up and offers you one of these substances, it is your decision whether you want to try or continue to use these substances.. Good peer pressure, on the other hand, is being pushed into something that you didnt have the courage to do or just didnt cross your mind to do. It seems to me like a good thing to do. Good peer pressure can also be a situation when our frien ds convince us not to do something we were going to do because it wasnt in our best interest. Some people say that good peer pressure is when you get pushed into something that you dont want to do , but it turns out well.When we have to make these big decisions, it is beta to think before deciding. We mustiness think about whether we want to do it, think about whether you should, and finally think about the consequences. These are the important things we must do before taking any big decision. If the person advises us is not our friend, we must really consider what he wants us to do. When we think of peer pressure we always think of it in terms of bad. We think of peer pressure in terms of pressure to smoke, do illicit drugs, discombobulate alcohol, engage in criminal and quasi-criminal behaviour, do violence, join gangs, etcWe rarely think of the many good ways that peer pressure can go us and neither do the parents of teens In fact it is essential to proper mixer development that we do learn to follow the crowd. This is how we learn acceptable social norms that is, how we are expected to act in the world in order to be good people. The difference between good peer pressure and bad peer pressure can be summed up in a simple comparison when it is good, you are a member of the crowd when it is bad, you are share of a mob.If peer pressure is telling you to do something without questioning why, to do something you know is wrong, or to do something you feel uncomfortable doing it is safe to say this is bad. This is the frame of behaviour that leads to a mob mentality, that is when the group is acting as one and no one seems to be thinking about consequences or outcome. If peer pressure is telling you to act in a generally appropriate way, to do the right thing when you may not otherwise, or to do much good than harm it is safe to say this is good.Peer pressure help you analyze yourself and contemplate on your ways of life. If you are fortunate to get a g ood peer group, your peers can play a vital role in the shaping of your personality. Their way of looking at life may influence you to change for betterment. Some of your peers are your close friends, who do not pressurize you to do things but rather inspire you to change yourself. Your peer group may actually persuade you to bring about a constructive change in your personality. Peer pressure can lead you to make the right choices in life. Thus peer pressure is more beneficial than harmful.

Discussing ‘Phonics They Use: Words for Reading and Writing’ Essay

Learning phonics for scaning and writing improves a apprehension class, indeed. Cunninghams book shows vivacity and optimism free from obscure and often arty-crafty language marked by circumlocutions and long words. As an analysis, the author determines the significance of a method of teaching beginners to read and pronounce words by knowledge the phonetic value of letters, letter groups, and especially syllables, particularly for the high crop science class.However, there are circumstances in which a high school science instructor becomes annoyed and aggravated since, he/she handles science class, it is no longer his/her job to teach the pronunciation(s) of every science and/or technological terminologies/terms, which should be undergone during an English class. Thus, it is a waste of time. Part five of the book (Coaching, Assessment, Research, and Jargon) brings with methodological conceptions, assessment and theory for teaching students one-on-one.Examples concern beginning reading strategies (p. 173), sight word, decoding, and recite behaviors (p. 177), and a marking system for any 100-word reading assessment (p. 175). The Theory and the ResearchThe Why Underlying the How (chapter 14) shows an assessment on phonics (a method of teaching beginners to read and pronounce words by learning the phonetic value of letters).As an analysis of the entire view, it is necessary for a high school science teacher to use such an educational tool and take the required test of phonics jargon. Hence, using phonics is an aid not only for a high school science teacher but also for the whole class, indeed.Cited WorksCunningham, Patricia. Phonics They Use Words for Reading and Writing. Fourth Edition. New Jersey Published by Allyn & Bacon, 2004. 224p.

A Social Activity That Brings the Best or, and the Worst of an Individual

There argon many accessible activities these days that tend to show us that part of a persons character that has remained hidden from public plenty for so long.Activities such as company picnics, sports festivals seem to do the trick. But none of those activities can beat one of the most popular social activities that everlastingly bring out the competitive streak in an individual. I am talking almost a class reunion.A class reunion is a social activity wherein classmates and friends from past eras get together years later and try to catch up on each others lives and activities. During a class reunion, it seems that people withstand permission to revert to their old ways while in high school or college.It is a social situation where old wounds ar reopened alone not necessarily healed by time or apologies. It is an event where people gossip round who is was voted the most successful and yet seems to be the biggest mischance in life. It is a time for life comparisons and refle ction. None of which helps a persons self esteem or sense of importance about life and other things.Class reunions are supposed to be a time of reminiscing and healing. Instead, it serves as a reminder to others regarding how they have not wind the peak of success in their lives, or failed to achieve that which they bragged about in high school or college.It brings out the worst in an individual because of the way the person is treated for not being able to achieve his classmates ideal of him. It can also be a social activity that brings out the best in an individual when he can brag about his successes in life and hold his classmates in his own personal court where he feels he can help those whom he deems as less gold than he is.Think about. Ask your parents, grandparents, aunts and uncles, I am sure they will more than willing to tell you about the horror story that their class reunion morose out to be.That is because after the pleasantries are exchanged, all that is left is to try to find the failures of each other. Just like when they were in regular school. Lets face it, class reunions are their passport to acting like their immature counterparts in high school even if only for one night.

Mockingbird Quotes Essay

Chapter 1Maycomb was an old town, but it was a tired old town when I introductory knew it. . . . There was no hurry, for there was nowhere to go, nothing to buy and no money to buy it with, nothing to see outside the boundaries of Maycomb County. But it was a quantify of vague optimism for some of the people Maycomb County had recently been told that it had nothing to fear but fear itself. Chapter 3 You never really take a person until you picture things from his point of viewuntil you backing into his skin and walk around in it.Chapter 7As Atticus once advised me to do, I tried to climb into Jems skin and walk around in it if I had gone alone to the Radley Place at two in the morning, my funeral would have been held the next afternoon. So I left Jem alone and tried not to bother him. Chapter 9When a child asks you something, answer him, for goodness sake. But arrogatet manage a production of it. Children are children, but they can spot an evasion quicker than adults, and eva sion simply muddles em. You might hear some ugly chew out about it at school, but do one thing for me if you will you just hold your head high and keep those fists down.No matter what anybody says to you, dont you let em get your goat. Try fighting with your head for a change. Simply because we were licked a hundred years before we started is no reason for us not to try to winAtticus verbalise, Youve a lot to learn, Jack. I hold up. Your daughter gave me my first lessons this afternoon. She said I didnt witness children much and told me why. She was quite right. Atticus, she told me how I should have tr downed her-oh dear, Im so stern I romped on her. Chapter 10 Remember its a sin to kill a mockingbird. That was the only time I ever heard Atticus say it was a sin to do something, and I asked cut down Maudie about it. Your fathers right, she said. Mockingbirds dont do one thing but make music for us to enjoy. They dont eat up peoples gardens, dont nest in corncribs, they dont do one thing but sing their hearts out for us. Thats why its a sin to kill a mockingbird. Chapter 11 It was times like these when I thought my father, who hated guns and had never been to any wars, was the bravest man who ever lived.The one thing that doesnt abide by majority rule is a persons conscience. Its when you slam youre licked before you begin but you begin anyway and you see it through no matter what. You rarely win, but sometimes you do. I wanted you to see what real courage is, instead of getting the idea that courage is a man with a gun in his hand. Its when you know youre licked before you begin, but you begin anyway and see it through no matter what. Chapter 13I never understood her soaking up with heredity.Somewhere, I had received the impression that Fine Folks were people who did the best they could with the sense they had, but Aunt Alexandra was of the opinion, obliquely expressed, that the longer a family had been squatting on one patch of land the finer it wa s. Chapter 14Thats because you cant hold something in your mind but a little while, said Jem. Its different with grown folks, we- His maddening superiority was unbearable these days.He did not want to do anything but read and go off by himself. Chapter 19Mr. Gilmer smiled grimly at the jury. Youre a mighty good fellow, it seems- did all this for not one penny? Yes suh.I felt right sorry for her, she seemed to try moren the rest of em- You felt sorry for her, you felt sorry for her? Mr. Gilmer seemed ready to rise to the ceiling. Chapter 20Our courts have their faults, as does any clement institution, but in this country our courts are the great levellers, and in our courts all men are created equal. Chapter 22 Theyve done it before and they did it tonight and theyll do it once again and when they do itseems that only children weep. Chapter 23Scout, I think Im beginning to understand something. I think Im beginning to understand why Boo Radleys stayed shut up in the house all t his time.Its because he wants to stay inside. Chapter 25 Atticus had used every tool available to free men to save gobbler Robinson, but in the secret courts of mens hearts Atticus had no case. Tom was a dead man the minute Mayella Ewell opened her mouth and screamed. Why couldnt I mash him? I asked. Because they dont bother you, Jem answered in the darkness. He had turned out his reading light. Chapter 30Atticus looked like he needed cheering up. I ran to him and hugged him and kissed him with all my might. Yes sir, I understand, I calm him. Mr. Tate was right. Atticus disengaged himself and looked at me. What do you mean? Well, itd be sort of like shootin a mockingbird, wouldnt it? Chapter 31 Atticus was right. One time he said you never really know a man until you stand in his shoes and walk around in them. Just standing on the Radley porch was enough. When they finally saw him, why he hadnt done any of those things . . . Atticus, he was real nice. . . . His hands were unde r my chin, pulling up the cover, tucking it around me. just about people are, Scout, when you finally see them. He turned out the light and went into Jems room. He would be there all night, and he would be there when Jem waked up in the morning.

Food and Beverage Services Essay

FOOD & BEVERAGE returns The Hotel attention Introduction Definition and Origin of the Hotel Industry otel is defined as A place where a bonifide traveller can receive sustenance and shelter, provided he is in a position to pay for it and is in a physic each(prenominal)y and ment eachy fit conditioned to be receive, Hence, a Hotel must provide victuals and drinking, lodging to travellers on payment and has, in turn, the proficient to refuse if the traveller is drunk, disorderly, unkept, or not in a position to pay for the servings offered. The most important usance of a hotel is to provide nutrition and shelter to prospective thickening.To provide diet & shelter, there ar number of parts or Ares, who alone functions together round-the-clock inside hotel premises. All discussion roles argon generally categorized in two parts 1. OPERATIONAL DEPARTMENT (CORE DEPARTMENT) Front office (revenue center) nutrition & Beverage dish out (revenue center) House keeping (cost center) sustenance drudgery (kitchen) (cost center) 2. ADMINISTRATIVE DEPARTMENT (NON-CORE DEPARTMENT) Maintenance section Account department Human resource department Electronic data processing department Communication department Security department Purchase department Stores. Sales & marketing department FOOD & BEVERAGE assistance FRONT OFFICE The main function of the department is To allot the room to the guest, called as discipline-in. To hold on the room records for reservation and allocation. To collect the room charges and separate miscellaneous charges for miscellaneous benefits utilise by guest during his/her stay at the hotel, at the time of departure of guest. Back Office Reservation desk this section is employ for taking booking for rooms. Telephone operator this section is used for c ar all phone calls land up in the hotel or for providing trunk dial preparation to guest. Business center this section is used for secretarial job of guest. Foo d & Beverage service department The main function of this department is To provide food & potable facilities to the guest. To provide food & drinkable for groups, conferences, meetings, theme parties etc. FOOD & BEVERAGE SERVICE HOUSEKEEPING DEPARTMENT The main function of this department is To take cargon of the cleanliness of rooms, and the hotel building and its furniture and furnishings. To confirm the linen room for maintenance of room linen, eaterys linen etc. To maintain the gardening work of hotel. To maintain guest laundry facility for room guest round laundry facility for stave of hotel. FOOD & BEVERAGE SERVICE MAINTENANCE DEPARTMENT The main functions of this department atomic number 18 To maintain all the equipment s set(p) inside or related with the hotel. To be trustworthy for smooth supply of electricity, water, and smooth function of air conditioning unit. To be responsible for AMC of important and expensive equipments. To maintain all the furniture an d fixtures of rooms and other area of hotel.ACCOUNT DEPARTMENT The main function of this department is forwardness of budget and allocation of revenue and expenditure for conglomerate department Maintain all account related books as accordance to the government rules and regulations. Preparation of dimension sheet of the company. Liaising with Govt. offices for tax and revenue related matters. Collection of revenue from guests, companies etc. Giving salaries to employees. To keep check on the food & beverage cost. To keep check on the purchase and change of alky beverages for the property. To keep the account orevenue generated and expenditure under various heads for each department. HUMAN RESOURCE DEPARTMENT The main function of this department is Recruitment and selection of employee for hotel as per requirement. development and development of employee Maintenance of attendance records, leave records etc. Maintenance of personal file for each employee with all det ails, for the purpose of periodically appraisal. FOOD & BEVERAGE SERVICE COMMUNICATION DEPARTMENT The main function of this department is Maintenance of telephone connections for each room and other area of hotel. Maintenance of cable connections of televisions of rooms and other places of hotel. Maintenance of audio-visual equipments for conferences and parties. Maintenance of audio-visual equipments of the hotel. SECURITY DEPARTMENT The main function of this department is To be responsible for sentry duty and security of guests of hotel. To be responsible for safety of employee. To keep check on theft cases of hotel. To cooperate with staff for fire exit procedure. To keep record of acquire materials and dispatched materials of or for the property. To keep record of movement of fixed assets of property. To keep check on unauthorized entry of slew. PURCHASE DEPARTMENT & STORES The main function of this department is To purchase materials from the market as per requirem ent of various department of hotel. To purchase all types of equipments and materials for hotel. To liaison with different companies or vendor for supply of perishable or non-perishable goods. To liaison with different dealers for provision of non- vegetarian items (chicken, mutton, fish, beef, etc. ) To store all the purchased items properly as per basic rule (F. I. F. O. ). To issue the material to the user department of hotel laterward making proper record. To maintain the smooth flow of perishable and non-perishable goods for the department. SALES & MARKETING DEPARTMENT The main function of this department is To sell the room nights and various conferences facilities to various clientele. To sell the room nights to individual guest for holiday purpose. To make the brand image of hotel in the market. To act as an agent for hotel and provide various information of changes and updating. FOOD & BEVERAGE SERVICE The different serviceareas are- Restaurant inhabit Service department Banquet department Bar & lounge. Restaurants this is also called as dinning room. Guest come inside the room. Order dishes as per choices and food is religious serviced to them. There are different types of restaurants Coffee Shop A concept borrowed from the United States, stately by its quickservice. Food is pre- plate and the atmosphere informal. Table coverlayouts are less elaborate and buzz off basic indispensables only. Continental Restaurant The atmosphere is more sophisticated and caters for people who can eat at leisure. The accent is on good continental food and elaborate service.Specialty Restaurant The entire atmosphere and decor are geared to a particular type of foodor theme. Thus restaurants, which offer Chinese, Japanese, Indian cuisinewould be termed finickyty restaurants. The service is based more orless on the style of the kingdom from which the particular cuisine originates. Fast food joints The entire environment is characterized by high inves tment, high labor costs and vast customer throughput Room-Service the department provides food & beverage service in the guest rooms Bar this sub-department is responsible for service of Alcoholic beverage.This place are having special license to serve alcoholic beverage. Banquet this sub-department is responsible for serving food & drinks to special groups having specific needs and demands. FOOD & BEVERAGE SERVICE The service of food and beverage may be carried out in many ways depending on a number of factors The type of establishment The type of customer to be served The time available for the meal The turnover of customer expected The type of menu presented The cost of meal served The site of establishment Food & beverage service can be looked at from the customers point of view.Essentially, the customer enters a food service area, orders or selects his/ her choice and then is served (the customer may pay either at this point or later). Food and beverages are then con sumed, following which the area is cleared. FOOD & BEVERAGE SERVICE Broadly we can categorize the service methods in five types A. Table Service B. Assisted service C. Self- service D. Single point service specialized or in situ service A. TABLE SERVICE In this category, the guest enters in the area and is seated. Menu lists are given or displayed for orders. The orders are been taken by waiter/ess.Then the service is through a laid cover on the table. Following are the type of service come under this category English Service Often referred to as the Host Service because the host plays an active role in the service. Food is brought on platters by the waiter and is shown to the host for approval. The waiter then places the platters on the tables. The host either portions the food into the guest plates directly or portions the food and allows the waiter to serve. For replenishment of guest food the waiter may then take the dishes just about for guests to help themselves or be served by the waiter.French Services It is a very personalized service. Food is brought from the kitchen in dishes and salvers, which are placed directly on the table. The plates are kept near the dish and the guests help themselves. Silver Service The table is set for hors doeuvres, soup, main courses and sweet dish in sterling(prenominal) silverware. The food is portioned into silver platters at the kitchen itself, which are placed at the sideboard with burners or hot plates to keep the food warm in the restaurant. Plates are placed before the guest. The waiter then picks the platter from the hot plate and presents the dish to the host for approval.He serves each guest using a service withdraw and fork. All food is presented in silver dishes with elaborate dressing. American/Plate Service The American service is a pre-plated service, which means that the food is served into the guests plate in the kitchen itself and brought to the guest. The kitchen predetermines the portion and the a ccompaniments served with the dish balance the entire presentation in name of nutrition and color. This type of service is commonly used in a coffee shop where service is required to be fast.Russian Service An elaborate silver service much on the lines of French service except that the food is portioned and carved by the waiter at the gueridon trolley in the restaurant in full view of the guests. Display and presentation are a major part of this service. The principle involved is to have whole joints, poultry, game and fish elaborately dressed and garnished, presented to guests and carved and portioned by the waiter. Gueridon Service This is a service where a dish comes partially prepared from the kitchen to be completed in the restaurant by the waiter or, when a complete meal is cooked at the tableside in the restaurant.The cooking is done on a gueridon trolley, which is a mobile trolley with a gas cylinder and burners. The waiter plays a prominent part, as he is required to fille t, carve, flambe and prepare the food with showmanship. The waiter has to have considerable dexterity and skill. Snack-bar Service Tall stools are placed along a tax return so that the guest may eat the food at the counter itself. In better establishments, the covers are laid out on the counter itself. Food is either displayed behind the counter for the guests to choose from, or is listed on a menu card or common black board.B. ASSISTED SERVICE In this type of category, the guest enters in the dining area and assisted himself for getting the food, either from buffet counter or he may get served part at table by waiter/ess and the extra need to be collected from counter by himself. Consumption may be done on either at table, standing or in lounge area/ fiesta hall. Buffet Service A self-service, where food is displayed on tables. The guest takes his plate from a stack at the end of each table or requests the waiter behind the buffet table to serve him.For sit-down buffet service, tables are laid with crockery and cutlery as in a restaurant. The guest may serve himself at the buffet table and return to eat at the guest table laid out. The waiter may serve a few courses like the appetizer and soup at the table. C. SELF SERVICE In this type of service, the guest enters in the dinning area, selects his own tray or from the food counter and carries food by himself to his s eat place. D. SINGLE POINT SERVICE In this category, the guest orders, pay for his orders and get served at single point. There may be may not be any dinning area or seat-outs.The different types are Take Away Customer orders and is served from single point, at counter, hatch or snack stand customer consumes off the premises. Food Court series of self-reliant counters where customers may either order and eat or buy from a number of counters and eat in separate eating area, or take-away. E. SPECIALISED SERVICE In this category the guest is served at he place, which is not meant or designated fo r food & beverage service (i. e. guest rooms or any special area). Grill Room Service In this form of service various meats are grilled in front of the guest.The meats may be displayed behind a deoxyephedrine partition or well decorated counter so that the guest can select his exact cut of meat. The food comes pre-plated. F&B SERVICE PERSONAL & THEIR ATTRIBUTES All types of catering establishments require a variety of staff positions in order to operate effectively and efficiently. The food and beverage service department usually has the largest staff. Able leadership and supervision is required to effectively direct the department and guide the staff. The personnel in the food and beverage service industry require practical knowledge of operations as even a small error can cause displeasure to the guest.Coordination of activities of all outlets is essential to provide the guest with quality service at all measure. Teamwork is the watchword in any food and beverage service departm ent. A dedicated and attached team, with able leadership, under ideal working conditions, helps in fulfilling the establishments ultimate goal of guest satisfaction. Food and Beverage Manager The food and beverage director is the head of the food and beverage service department, and is responsible for its administrative and operational work. Food and Beverage Managers direct, plan and control all aspects of food and beverage services.Food and Beverage Managers require excellent sales and customer service skills, proven human resource management skills, and good communication and leadership skills. In general, food and beverage manager is responsible for i) Budgeting The food and beverage manager is responsible for preparing the budget for the department. He should ensure that each outlet in the department achieves the estimated profit margins. ii) Compiling New Menus and Wine Lists In consultation with the chef, and based on the availability of ingredients and prevailing trends, th e food and beverage manager should update and if necessary, call for new menus.New and updated wine lists should also be introduced regularly. iii) Quality Control The food and beverage manager should ensure quality control in terms of efficiency in all service areas, by ascertaining that the staffs are adequately trained in keepingwith the standards of the unit. iv) Manpower Development The food and beverage manager is responsible for recruitment, promotions, transfers and dismissals in the department. He should hold regular meetings with section heads, to ensure that both routine as well as projected activities of the department go on as planned.He must alsogive training, motivate and effectively control staff. Assistant Food and Beverage Manager The assistant food and beverage manager assists the food and beverage manager in running the department by being more involved in the actual day-to-day operations. This position exists only in large organisations. An assistant food and b everage managers job includes i) Assisting section heads during busy periods. ii) Taking charge of an outlet, when an outlet manager is on leave. iii) tantrum duty schedules for all the outlet managers and monitoring their performance.iv) Running the department independently in the absence of the food and beverage manager. Restaurant Manager Therestaurant managers job includes i) Setting and monitoring the standards of service in the outlets. ii) Administrative duties such as setting duty charts, granting leave, monitoring staff positions, recommending staff promotions and use issues relating to discipline. iii) Training the staff by conducting a daily briefing in the outlet. iv) Playing a vital role in public relations, meeting guests in the outlets and attending to guest complaints, if any. v) Formulating the sales and expenditure budget for the outlet.vi) Planning food festivals to increase the revenue and organizing advertisement campaign of the outlet along with the chef and the food and beverage manager. Room Service Manager The room service manager reports directly to the food and beverage manager and is responsible for the room service outlet. The room service manager checks that the service rendered to the guests conforms to the standards set by the hotel. He also monitors all operational aspects of the outlet such as service, billing, duty charts, leave and absenteeism, in addition to attending to guest complaints regarding food and service.The room service manager is also in charge of the sales and expenditure budget. The room service is most liable to have problems. The room service manager should ensure coordination among the room service order taker, the captain and the waiter. Bar Manager Bar Manager organises and controls a bars operations. A bar manager arranges the purchase and pricing of beverages according to budget selects, trains and supervises bar staff maintains records of stock levels and financial transactions makes sure bar staff follow liquor laws and regulations and checks on customer satisfaction and preferences.Banquet Manager The banquet manager supervises the banquet operations, sets up break-down service according to the standards established by the hotel. He co-ordinates the banquet service in conjunction with other departments involved and prepares weekly schedules for the banquet personnel. He supervises the work of the banquet sales assistants, who do the banquet bookings and the captains and waiters who perform the food and beverage service activities under his guidance. He is responsible for organising everything right down to the finest detail.The banquet manager projects the budget of the banquets,and works in death coordination with the chef in preparing menus. He is responsible for making an inventory of all the banquet equipment and maintaining a balance between revenue and expenditure. Other Staff Designations at discordant Levels The following are the various designations with their job specifications in the food and beverage department. i) Senior Captain or Maitre d Hotel The senior captain has overall right for operations. He prepares the duty charts in consultation with the outlet manager. ii) Reception Head Waiter.This staff member is responsible for accepting any booking and for keeping the booking diary up-to-date. He / she will reserve tables and allocate these reservations to particular steads. iii) Captain / Chef de Rang This position exists in large restaurants, as well as in the food and beverage service department of all major hotels. The captain is basically a supervisor and is in charge of a particular section. A restaurant may be divided into sections called Sations, each consisting of 4 to 5 tables or 20 to 24 covers. A captain is responsible for the efficient performance of the staff in his station iv) Waiters / Commis de Rang / Server.The waiters serve the food and beverage ordered by a guest and is part of a team under a station captain. They should be able to perform the duties of a captain to a certain extent and be a substitute for the captain if he is busy or not on duty. They should also be knowledgeable about all types of food and beverages, so that they can effectively take an order from a guest, black market the order and serve the correct dish with its charm garnish and accompaniment v) Trainee / Commis De Barraseur The trainees work closely with the waiters, fetching orders from the kitchen and the bar, and clearing the side station in a restaurant.vi) Wine Waiter / Sommelier Wine waiters have an important role to play in reputed establishments. Their job is to take orders for the service of wine and alcoholic beverages and serve them during the meal vii) Room Service Waiters / Chef Detage Room service waiters work in the room service outlet, serving food and beverage to guests in their rooms. viii) cutlery / Trancheur The carver is responsible for the carving trolley and the carving of joints at the table a s required. The carver will plate up each portion with the appropriate accompaniment. ix) Floor Service Staff / Floor Waiter.The floor service staffs are often responsible for an entire floor in an establishment or, depending on the coat of the establishment, a number of rooms or suites. Floor service of all meals and breakfast is offered either throughout the day or in a circumscribed time depending on the size of the establishment. The floor service staff would normally work from a floor pantry or from a central kitchen with all food and drink reaching the appropriate floor and the required room by lift and in a heated trolley. x) Lounge staff / Chef de sale Lounge staff may deal with lounge service as a specific duty only in a first course establishment.The lounge staff is responsible for the service of morning coffee, afternoon teas, aperitifs and liqueurs before and after both lunch and dinner, and any coffee top ups required after meals. They would be responsible for settin g up the lounge in the morning and maintaing its cleanliness and presentation throughout the day. FOOD & BEVERAGE SERVICE IMPORTANCE OF PERSONAL hygienics Hygiene involves care for the health of others and oneself. Waiters are involved in physical work, moving about, lifting trays. So look after your health guard against leg or feet weakness maintain good sight and clean teeth and mouth.A balanced diet, fresh air, and suitable recreation help all. Service must be done in a clean way to protect guests against foodpoisoning or passages of disease. Dirt and dirty practices make dinning unpleasant as well as unsafe. Points to return for maintaining of personal hygieneA shower or bath should be taken daily. * Always use either deodorant or talcum powder. * adapted sleep (minimum 06 hours), and adequate healthy intake of food (more vegetable, less oil) and regular exercise will keep body healthy. * Always trim nails and keep reach clean. * Male should be clean-shaven with well-t line m oustache.* Wear clean uniforms. * Daily race your undergarments. Always wear clean undergarments. * Hair must at all times be clean and well groomed. * Always brush your teeth after eating breakfast, lunch, and dinner. * IF you are directly handling food, then follow these rules * Always wash your hands before touching food, and always after coming from toilet. * If you are suffering from any skin, nose, throat or stomach problem or squabble at work, tell your senior and dont handle food. * Use waterproof dressings on cuts and sores. And remember to keep those dressings clean.* Be clean in yourself and in the clothes you wear. * Dont smoke in a kitchen or dinning room. And never cough or sneeze over food. * Clean as you go in the kitchen, if anything get spilled, wipe it immediately. See that all utensils are kept clean. * Cover food, keep it clean, and serve it either cold or piping hot. when handling food, rather than your fingers. * Always keep the lid on a dustbin. * In restau rants, remember that clean, fully equipped, well-lit, and airy conditions are required for maintenance of hygiene.SERVICE EQUIPMENTS Food and beverage service equipment may be divided into glassware, chinaware and tableware which are further subdivided into flatware, cutlery and hollowware. GLASSWARE Glassware refers to glass and drinkware items besides tableware, such as dishes, cutlery and flatware, used to set a table for eating a meal. The term usually refers to the drinking vessels, unless the dinnerware is also made of glass. The choice of the right qulity glass is a vital element if the cocktail is to be invitingly presented and give satisfaction to the consumer. Well designed glassware combines elegance, strength and stability, and should be fine and smooth rimmed and of clear glass.CHINAWARE China is a term used for crockery whether bone china (expensive and fine), earthenware (opaque and cheaper) or vitrified (metallised). Most catering crockery used nowadays tends to be v itrified earthenware, which is very durable and haven been strengthened. Crockery is also usually given rolled edges to make it more chip resistant. chinaware is made of silica, soda ash, and china clay, glazed to give a fine finish. Chinaware can be found in different colours and designs which are always coated with glaze. Chinaware is more resistant to heat than glassware. ed off carefully.TABLEWARE Tableware includes the dishes, glassware, cutlery, and flatware eating utensils (knives, forks, and spoons) used to set a table for eating a meal. The nature, variety, and number of objects varies from culture to culture, and may vary from meal to meal as well. Tableware may be categorised as follows Flatware Flatware denotes all forms of spoon and fork. Flatware, especially that used by most people when they eat informally, is usually made of stainless steel. Cutlery Cutlery refers to knives and other cutting instruments. hollowware Holloware refers to table service items such as sug ar bowls, creamers, coffee pots, teapots, soup tureens,or custard based and Philadelphia style.

Examine the portrayal of cultural poverty in “Saved” and “The Wasp Factory”

Cultural poverty can be defined as lacking societys normals in m any(prenominal) ways. The Wasp grinder and deliver act up with dysfunctional families living in a community that is deprived of hope and aspiration. Their way of breeding is violent and gothic due to the deficiency of societys ethics and morals. This is reflected in the vulcanized fibers attitudes and minds which to them is all they have ever known. Their isolation from education and societys support structure limits their companionship of how to live in a community. Lack of education is probably the most(prenominal) defining factor determining how a society advances and improves. stamps world is completely his creation, with his own morals, principles and rules. He doesnt know how to socialise as he has never go through life through the point of view of another human being. His total upbringing by his father was completely orchestrated mentally and physically. dog epitomises the extremes of societys norms at the time that The Wasp Factory was written when Marg atomic number 18t Thatcher was in power. Thatchers belief when she was in power was that its Every man for himself which created social isolation between different families, as can be seen in the families of both The Wasp Factory and Saved. discourteouss family sounds highly dysfunctional when we discover how he talks of how Erics mother haemorrhaged and bled to death when Eric was born. His spirit of how Eric was the first murderer of the family is very sinister and thought provoking, Old Eric beat me to it, killing his mum before he had even drawn breath. Frank doesnt even exist in society which is one of the reasons wherefore he has no education because he could never go to school.The same can be said of the characters in Saved who are illiterate and uneducated which can be shown through their vocabulary. No signs of education can be seen in any of the characters due to their personalities and lifestyles. Also the accent that adopts through the vocabulary makes the characters depend different, as in our society we are not use to hearing their accents and generally their lifestyles seem isolated from society. We never hear of how they survive, where their income comes from nor even simple daily routines such as house hold duties.Even though the characters speech in Saved is altered, it brings the reader closer to the characters and they seem more human, which is why we understand the characters more personally and understand their different lifestyles. Social isolation is another aspect that affects the characters in The Wasp Factory and Saved. In The Wasp Factory, Frank understands how his island is just a miniscule part of the planet and knows that he limits his own knowledge of first hand experiences of other places, but the reason why his life is surrounded and clouded by the fact that he will never block the island is deeper.He believes he has been treated cruelly by society and believes that it is influential and contaminating. This is largely due to the fact that when Eric left the island, he was exposed to the social pressures. He says, Eric chose a path and followed it that path led to the destruction of most of what he was. Frank believes that Eric developing a mental illness as we learn in What Happened to Eric and his personality change is a result of his leaving the island and returning with a changed heart, indicating the world is a cruel and life-changing place.Frank sees his island as a haven, his protection from the inhuman treatment and dangers of the outside world. He even says, I dont bother people, and they best not bother me, which shows he created isolation purposely, and that he isnt a shy or unfriendly person. In Saved the setting reflects the characters isolation from society. Saved is set on a completely bare stage, which helps to create its detachment. At the time that Saved was written, the thrift in Britain was in decline and unemployment rose, and this is reflected in the play. The society that the play is set was very capitalistic.Capitalism is a social system based on the principle of individual right, and is reflected in the play as the social class the characters are in is segregated. bewilder is also trying to address a political field of study with this play, Violence will only stop when we live in a just society in which all people are equal in all significant respects. Capitalism cant do this because its political ethos is competitiveness. The stoning of the baby is a consequence of this, but the eruption of violence has nothing to do with the introductory action or with the object of violence, the baby.Its just the result of the general situation (being bored, having no aims in life) and some of their cries while they murder the baby are ruling-class slogans. belligerence is not directed against the source of alienation, but against human nature, in this case the baby as the epitome of neediness and hope for the future. The young people express that they are not interested in children. Both books have similarities and differences in the way women are portrayed.The Wasp Factory, Frank is brought up entirely by his father, and the issuing this has on Franks view of women is very negative he says, My greatest enemies are women and the sea women because they are weak and live in the shadow of men (Pg 43). Frank also has a view that women like to see men helpless as he says I expected she would just let me crack my skull on the pavement because women like to see men helpless (Pg 79). Franks mother also left the family when he was very young, which may be another reason why he resents the existence of women. In Saved the women are portrayed as weak and insecure.Pam is a very fragile character, and is easily hurt or do happy. Her emotions swing from one extreme to the other, in scene ten, she talks to Len about him seeing other women, Yer ain a bad sort, and the next minute she is riot at him, Yerre a stubborn sod (Pg 95). Pams relationship with Fred is definitely one way, at the beginning of scene 6 we see Pam practically begging Fred to come folk that night, I dont care if yer bin with yer girls, come ome after (Pg 59), and Fred basically doesnt really care and just says, Theres plenty a blokes knockin about, why dont yer pick on someone else? (Pg 58).Even after the murder of her baby, Pam puts her relationship with Fred above the fact that he contributed towards the babys murder, which is a reflection on how much she really cared for her child. Relationships are weighty in society as they help build foundations on how to communicate and acknowledge the fact that everyone is different. In Saved there is not one impregnable relationship based on trust. The only relationship which can be examined is between Harry and bloody shame, but even this has its flaws.Harry says that he only lives with Mary as she does the washin an cookin (Pg 116), and he has no trust to wards her as he thinks that if he left, Mary would easily find a replacement, she would soon ave someone in my fork over (Pg 119) One thing that is common in the main characters of both books is the lack of hope and aspiration. It is hard to visualise how the characters would develop as time goes by as they all seem to be in a daily routine which limits their awareness beyond their own surroundings and excludes them from their community.In Saved the only character who is idealistic and positive is Len. The author writes, Len does not know what he will do next, but then he has never done. Lens optimism is apparent because he has seen people at their very worst and most hopeless, yet he chooses to remain and not leave. We might believe that for Len to go further in life and to make something of himself he would have to break free of his current situation but he continues to believe that things will eventually work out for himself and for Pam.Bond says that the play is irresponsibly o ptimistic. This is true as the ending might be a new beginning for both Len and Pam (Possibly because Pam now has her Radio measure back). In The Wasp Factory Frank is optimistic about many things. Firstly he has a sense of optimism that has been enforced by his father. Frank understands that he was never going to be educated in public schools, but he believes that he is just as well educated as others, I probably know more about the conventional school subjects than most people of my age.Frank is also optimistic about Eric coming home as he has a very strong link with him, even though he is certified insane. The ending of the book is also positive Frank says I thought one door had shut behind me years ago, now the door closes, and my journey begins (Pg 184). Even with the discovery of his new identity, Frank is convinced(p) that his Journey will still continue, and that although he realises he is a girl, he is still the same person, But I am still me, I am the same person (Pg 182 ).It could be said that human beings adapt to their surroundings, which is scientifically true in the case of animals such as rabbits where their fur turns white in winter. Humans are all born into society, and it is true that your surroundings can have an effect on a persons mind and personality. In The Wasp Factory and Saved, the characters are limited in their awareness and they have no perspective in life. They are living in their own isolated areas with no interaction with other people in their community and this limits their knowledge.