Enzyme Catalysis Essay Example for Free

Enzyme Catalysis EssayEnzymes catalyze nearly all biochemical receptions in living cells (Hein, Best, Pattison, and Arena, 2005). As a catalyst, they regulate the chemical reactions by lowering the needed activating energy (Sackheim and Lehman, 1998). Catalysts facilitate chemical reaction but are not consumed, thus, can be utilise all over again. This function of enzymes is directly dependent on their three-dimensional structures and on the variables that call for their stereochemistry. It was believed that all enzymes are protein in nature but several(prenominal) findings showed that certain ribonucleic acids (RNAs) have enzymatic function (Hein et. al., 2005). A typical organism has a thousand of biological aboveboard or conjugated enzymes. A simple enzyme is make up of amino acid units while a conjugated one has both protein and non-protein sepa set that are called apoenzyme and coenzyme respectively (Hein et. al. , 2005). The substrate or substance by which the enzyme will act upon binds at the enzymes active site. This active site is about 1-5% of the total surface area of the enzyme (Hein et. al. , 2005). Catalysis follows that is usually pick up as formation of enzyme (E) and substrate (S) complex, then, E-S complex decomposes to yield the product and the enzyme.Enzyme-catalyzed reactions are affected by several factors. This may be due to the variables effect on the stereochemistry of the enzyme and kinetics consideration. For instance, temperature affects the rate of all chemical reactions. The higher(prenominal) the temperature, the faster the chemical reaction takes place. However, enzymes coagulate in higher temperatures while lower temperatures results to low reaction rate. Thus, a particular enzyme best functions at its optimum temperature (Sacheim and Lehman, 1998). Concentration on the other hand, favors faster rate of chemical reaction.An increase in substrate concentration, hence, leads to a faster reaction until to the point wher ein the enzyme is saturated by substrate. Moreover, every enzyme has an optimum pH range where it can function best (Sackheim and Lehman, 1998). S informal pH changes affect the polarity of the amino acid backbone of the enzyme resulting to changes in its catalytic function. In this simulation audition, the catalytic potential of a hypothetical enzyme at different environmental conditions was investigated. The effect of temperature, pH, and substrate concentration on its optimal catalytic function were taken into consideration.In addition, the optimal temperature and optimal pH of the hypothetical enzyme were also determined. Moreover, the kinship between the enzyme concentration and the reaction rate was also explored. Procedure The spectrophotometer equipment was apply in the simulation experiment in order to measure the amount of the product formed by the enzymatic reaction. The spectrophotometer is equipped with wavelength of light adjustment within 300-700 nanometre range, and percent transmittance (T) or submersion (A) of light by the sample.In addition, six different substrates labeled from A to F and six different enzymes also labeled from A to F were provided. The wavelength setting for apiece substrate was indicated on the vial and the clock above the substrate vials were used in setting the wavelength selector and in taking the time of the reaction respectively. Temperature, pH scale, a pipette, and a cleaning button were also do available. The substrate A and the enzyme A were used all throughout the simulation experiment. Optimal PH Five milliliter of enzyme A was added to 25 mL of substrate A and the spectrophotometer was set at 430 nanometer wavelength.This was done for every sample for 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 pH values. The absorption for individually sample was measured within one moment and 25 temperature. Then, the graphical representation of data was do by plotting pH values against absorption values. Optimal Temperature Five millilit re of enzyme A was added to 25 mL of substrate A. This was done for 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, and 80 temperature values. The spectrophotometer was set at 430 nanometre wavelength and each sample was maintained with pH 8 value. Also, one minute absorption reading was allotted for every sample.Then, the temperature values were plotted against absorption values. Reaction Rate At this part of the simulation experiment, two mixtures of substrate A were prepared. The first sample was prepared by adding 5 mL of enzyme A into 25 mL of substrate A while the other sample was made by adding 25 mL of subtrate A with 15 mL of enzyme A. The spectrophotometer was set at 430 nanometre wavelength and the absorption reading for each sample was done for every 10 seconds within 2 minutes. The pH of each sample was maintained at pH 8 value. Finally, the graphical representation of time and absorption was made for each sample.